Liquid immersion cooling platform

ABSTRACT

A two-phase liquid immersion cooling system is described in which heat generating computer components cause a dielectric fluid in its liquid phase to vaporize. The dielectric vapor is then condensed back into a liquid phase and used to cool the computer components. Using a pressure controlled vessel and pressure controller, the disclosed system may be operated at less than ambient pressure. By controlling the pressure at which the system operates, the user may influence the temperature at which the dielectric fluid vaporizes and thereby achieve increased performance from a given computer component. Utilizing robotic arms and slot-in computing components, a self-healing computing system may be created.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/733,430, filed Sep. 19, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/746,254, filed Oct. 16, 2018, the disclosures of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present inventions are directed to liquid immersion cooled computing systems, namely liquid immersion cooled computing systems utilizing pressure and/or vapor management.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Traditional computing and/or server systems utilize air to cool the various components. Traditional liquid or water cooled computers utilize a flowing liquid to draw heat from computer components but avoid direct contact between the computer components and the liquid itself. The development of electrically non-conductive and/or dielectric fluid enables the use of immersion cooling in which computer components and other electronics may be submerged in a dielectric or electrically non-conductive liquid in order to draw heat directly from the component into the liquid. Immersion cooling can be used to reduce the total energy needed to cool computer components and may also reduce the amount of space and equipment necessary for adequate cooling.

In disclosed embodiments of the invention described below, the use of vapor and pressure management systems, as well as power management systems may be utilized, individually or in combination, to create significantly improved computer systems utilizing liquid immersion cooling.

Embodiments of the disclosed inventions relate to a pressure controlled vessel which may be used to house a liquid immersion cooled computing system. In some embodiments, the pressure controlled vessel contains a sufficient quantity of liquid dielectric fluid to substantially immerse heat generating computer components and also contains an atmosphere comprising gaseous dielectric fluid. Embodiments further comprise a condensing system in order to cool and convert gaseous dielectric fluid to liquid dielectric fluid. The disclosed pressure management system allows the disclosed embodiment to operate under a vacuum, thereby reducing the temperature at which dielectric fluid vaporizes and the computing system operates. Disclosed embodiments allow for increased density of computer components and/or computing power due to the improved temperature management system described.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows a schematic of an exemplary pressure controlled vessel embodiment.

FIG. 2 shows a potential convection current flow in an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed pressure controlled vessel.

FIG. 3 depicts a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a pressure controlled vessel.

FIG. 4 depicts an exemplary embodiment of super structure containing multiple pressure controlled vessels.

FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary data center embodiment showing multiple pressure controlled vessels connected to a central power supply.

FIG. 6 depicts an exemplary data center embodiment showing multiple pressure controlled vessels connected to each other in series.

FIGS. 7A-D depict an exemplary embodiment of a self-healing computing system with an interior robotic arm, airlock, and exterior robotic arm.

FIG. 8 shows an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed chassis and backplane systems.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the following description, certain details are set forth such as specific quantities, sizes, arrangements, configurations, components, etc., so as to provide a thorough understanding of the present embodiments disclosed herein. However, it will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without such specific details. In many cases, details concerning such considerations and the like have been omitted inasmuch as such details are not necessary to obtain a complete understanding of the present disclosure and are within the skills of persons of ordinary skill in the relevant art.

The equipment, components, systems, and subsystems of some disclosed embodiments below are described in terms of trade-names. It will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced with many similar components whether or not such components are developed and/or sold under a particular trade name and that the features and/or limitations associated with a particular trade name components are not necessary to practice the disclosed inventions.

Dielectric Fluid

One aspect of immersion cooling is the use of a thermally conductive, but electrically substantially non-conductive or substantially dielectric fluid. Examples of such fluids include some of the Novec™ series of engineered fluids by 3M™ including Novec 7100, although the described inventions are not limited to any particular dielectric fluid. Useful immersion fluids typically have a boiling point at which it is desirable to operate the cooled computer components. In some embodiments, the boiling point of the dielectric fluid at standard atmospheric pressure may be less than about 100° C., or less than about 80° C., or less than about 60° C., or less than about 50° C. or even lower. In some embodiments, the boiling point of the dielectric fluid at standard atmospheric pressure is greater than about 60° C. or greater than about 40° C., or greater than about 30° C. or greater than about 20° C. Certain embodiments of immersion cooling fluids generally have a low vapor pressure. Some embodiments of immersion cooling fluids are fluorocarbons and/or fluorinated ketones. Certain embodiments of dielectric fluid may have a chemical formula of, or similar to, (CF₃)₂CFCF₂OCH₃, C₄F₉OCH₃, or CF₃CF₂CF₂CF₂OCH₃. Certain dielectric fluids comprise hydrofluoro ethers, methoxy-nonaflurobutane.

Other desirable characteristics of immersion cooling fluids include low toxicity, non-flammable, and/or low surface tension. In some embodiments, the immersion cooling fluid does not substantially harm computer components and/or the connections, wires, cables, seals and/or adhesives associated with computer components at the pressures and temperatures utilized for liquid immersion cooling. Some dielectric fluids have a dielectric constant ranging from about 1.8 to about 8 and a dielectric strength of about 15 megavolts per meter (MV/m). In some embodiments, dielectric fluids have a dielectric strength of at least about 5 MV/m, or at least about 8 MV/m, or at least about 10 MV/m, or at least about 12 MV/m. In some embodiments, dielectric fluids have a dielectric strength of at most about 3 MV/m, or at most about 5 MV/m, or at most about 8 MV/m. In disclosed embodiments, any liquid in contact with computer components 170 has a high enough dielectric strength to avoid damaging the computer components at the spacing and conditions of the specific application.

Some dielectric fluids have a critical heat flux of at least about 10 W/cm², or at least about 15 W/cm², or at least about 18 W/cm², or at least about 20 W/cm². Some dielectric fluids have a critical heat flux of at most about 15 W/cm², or at most about 10 W/cm², or at most about 8 W/cm², or at most about 5 W/cm².

Embodiments of the disclosed system utilize a liquid dielectric fluid 140 to cool computer components 170 by immersing the component into a bath of the fluid. As electricity is passed through the component, the component 170 generates heat. As the component heats up, the performance of the component may be reduced or the component may be damaged to the point of failure. It is advantageous to maintain the various computing components at a stable and relatively low temperature. In some embodiments, computer components 170 are kept at less than about 80° C., or less than about 70° C., or less than about 65° C., or less than about 60° C., or less than about 55° C. In some embodiments, computer components 170 are maintained at greater than about 60° C., or greater than about 50° C., or greater than about 40° C., or greater than about 35° C., or greater than about 30° C. As the computer components 170 heat up, heat is transferred to the liquid dielectric fluid 140 surrounding the component. When the liquid dielectric fluid reaches its boiling point, it will shift from a liquid phase into a gaseous phase and rise out of the liquid bath 142. The components 170 in the bath 142 of dielectric fluid may generally be maintained at about the boiling point of the particular dielectric fluid 140 being used.

When the liquid dielectric fluid is heated to the point of vaporization at the pressure employed for a given application and becomes a gas, bubbles of the dielectric vapor will rise out of the liquid bath 142 and rise to the top of the enclosure 110. The vapor is then cooled to be point of condensing using condenser 130. Depending on the configuration of the enclosure 110, the heating and cooling of dielectric fluid from liquid phase to vapor phase and back, can create a convection current as shown in FIG. 2.

In some embodiments, computer components 170 will be entirely submerged within liquid dielectric fluid when the system is operating indicating that the upper portion of the computer component is below the level of the dielectric liquid. It will be appreciated that as the heat from computer components causes the dielectric fluid to change from liquid phase to gaseous phase, small bubbles of dielectric fluid vapor will be in contact with the computer components. Such components will still be considered entirely submerged within the liquid phase of the dielectric fluid. In some embodiments, the computer components 170 are submerged within the liquid phase of the dielectric fluid 140. If any portion of a computer component, including by not limited to a mother board, chip, server, card, blade, any portion of a GPU or CPU, and/or any peripheral component, is in direct contact with the liquid phase of the dielectric fluid 140, the computer component will be considered to be submerged. In certain embodiments, the computer components 170 are at least partially submerged within the liquid phase of the dielectric fluid 140. If the computer component is not submerged, but is sufficiently cooled by dielectric vapor, the computer component will be considered to be at least partially submerged.

In some existing immersion cooling systems, the bath of dielectric fluid must be constantly added to as the fluid is consistently boiled off. Failure to add to the dielectric fluid bath 142 results in the level of the bath dropping until components are exposed to the gaseous atmosphere and not adequately cooled. This could result in decreased performance or damage to the components 170.

Pressure Management

In general, immersion cooling fluid must be kept free of dust, water, and/or other contamination. As the computer components 170 are in direct contact with the immersion cooling fluid 140, minor contaminants can result in short circuits or damage to the computer components. Additionally, water or water vapor that may contaminate the dielectric fluid can reduce the dielectric properties, including, but not limited to the dielectric strength, of the fluid as it becomes contaminated. If the dielectric strength of the dielectric fluid is reduced, the computer components may short circuit or be otherwise damaged while in operation. One manner of reducing contamination is to operate an immersion cooling system in an enclosure which is kept at slightly higher or higher than atmospheric pressure.

As the computer components 170 operate, the heat generated from the initial use of the computer components causes some dielectric liquid 140 to vaporize into a gas. If the immersion cooling system is confined within a substantially enclosed housing, this vaporization typically increases the pressure of the atmosphere within the housing. Pressure relief valves, expanding enclosures, and/or other techniques may be used to limit the increasing pressure and/or maintain the pressure within the housing at or only slightly above atmospheric pressure. Maintaining a slight positive pressure in the enclosure may help to reduce the infiltration of dust, water vapor, or other contaminants into the immersion cooled computing system.

Current embodiments utilize an enclosed pressure controlled vessel 110 enclosure to contain the computing components 170 and immersion cooling equipment, as well as the associated power supplies, networking connects, wiring connections, and the like within a pressure controlled vessel. In contrast to existing models, the pressure controlled vessel 110 may be maintained at least at a slight vacuum, thereby reducing the boiling point of the dielectric fluid 140 to a temperature below its boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure.

By operating the computing and immersion cooling system under a vacuum, the components 170 may be maintained at the reduced, low-pressure boiling point of the dielectric fluid 140. This has the benefit of increased cooling which allows for more electricity to be passed through the various components 170 resulting in greater performance of the components. By controlling the pressure in the pressure controlled vessel 110, the boiling point of the dielectric fluid 140 may also be controlled, thereby allowing the same fluid 140 to be used in a broader range of conditions. Many embodiments benefit from cooler temperatures, however certain computer components 170 have an ideal range and suffer from reduced performance at temperatures below that range. By controlling the pressure in the pressure controlled vessel 110, the boiling point of the immersion cooling fluid 140 may also be controlled. In certain embodiment, the disclosed pressure management system may be used to dynamically control the pressure, and thereby the boiling point of the dielectric fluid 140 as the computing system is initiated, shut down, or in response to other changing conditions.

In addition to reducing the boiling point of the dielectric fluid 140 by operating in a pressure controlled vessel 110 at less than ambient pressure, a computer component 170 itself may be modified in order to more efficiently transfer heat away from itself and into the dielectric fluid 140. By increasing the surface area of a component 170, for example, a chip, which is exposed to the liquid dielectric fluid 140, heat transfer between the component 170 and the bath of dielectric fluid 140 may be increased. An exemplary device for increasing surface area is a copper boiler 250, a copper disc which may be adhered to a chip of other computer component 170. In certain embodiments, the adhesive used will be selected based on its ability to transfer heat and its solubility in the dielectric cooling fluid. Preferred adhesives exhibit high thermal conductivity and low solubility in the selected dielectric fluid.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic of an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed computing system. Embodiments of the disclosed systems include a pressure controlled vessel 110, a pressure controller 150, an immersion cooling system comprising at least a volume of dielectric fluid 140 and a condensing structure 130, and the desired computer components 170. A pressure system may be configured to maintain the desired degree of reduced pressure. The pressure controlled vessel 110 may be configured to maintain a negative pressure while still allowing multiple penetrations into the pressure controlled vessel 110 for various connections including, but not limited to power, data, networking, cooling water, and/or communications systems. Some embodiments utilize hermetic and/or marine grade connections. Operating a computer system within a pressure controlled vessel 110 at less than ambient pressure requires a series of modifications to the system as a whole. These modifications are discussed below and some are readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.

FIG. 3 shows the exterior of an exemplary embodiment of a pressure controlled vessel 110. In some embodiments, the disclosed pressure controlled vessel 110 is at least about 2 feet tall, or at least about 3 feet tall, or at least about 4 feet tall, or at least about 5 feet tall. In some embodiments, the pressure controlled vessel is at most about 3 feet tall, or at most about 4 feet tall, or at most about 5 feet tall.

In certain embodiments, the pressure controlled vessel has an interior volume of at least about 100 cubic feet, or at least about 150 cubic feet, or at least about 200 cubic feet, or at least about 250 cubic feet, or at least about 300 cubic feet, or at least about 350 cubic feet, or at least about 400 cubic feet.

In some embodiments, the pressure controlled vessel will be configured to contain about 12 vertical inches of liquid dielectric fluid and about 36 vertical inches of dielectric fluid vapor while in operation. In certain embodiments, the ratio of liquid volume to gaseous volume helps to create a convective current and direct gaseous dielectric vapor towards condensing structures which turn the vapor back into a liquid. In some embodiments, the pressure controlled vessel is configured to contain a ratio of a volume of liquid dielectric fluid to a volume of gaseous dielectric fluid of about 1:6 during operation. In other embodiments, the pressure controlled vessel is configured to contain a ratio of a volume of liquid dielectric fluid to a volume of gaseous dielectric fluid of about 1:3, or about 1:5, or about 1:8 or about 1:10, or about 1:15 during operation.

The primary component of the disclosed pressure management system is a source of vacuum or pressure controller 150. In many embodiments, the source of vacuum is a vacuum pump. In some embodiments, the vacuum pump 150 may be connected to the housing 110. In some embodiments, the vacuum pump 150 may be remote and the vacuum may be transmitted to the housing 110 using piping and/or tubing. In preferred embodiments, a pressure sensor 430 is contained within the housing 110 and used to regulate and/or maintain the desired negative pressure within the housing 110. In some embodiments, the pressure sensor 430 and/or a pressure regulator 440 may be connected to a processor which monitors the pressure in the housing 110 using pressure sensor 430 and regulates the pressure using pressure regulator 440.

Vapor Management System

Liquid immersion cooling systems may be operated by continuously cooling the immersion fluid directly, or by allowing the liquid to reach its maximum liquid phase temperature and then boiling into a vapor phase. Two-phase immersion cooling systems often allow the dielectric fluid to boil and/or vaporize and regularly add additional fluid to replace the fluid which is lost to the atmosphere.

Disclosed embodiments utilize a liquid immersion cooling system which is contained within a pressure controlled vessel 110. This has the advantage of not losing the dielectric fluid 140 even after it has converted to a gaseous form. In a closed, or substantially closed housing 110, the gaseous dielectric fluid 140 may be condensed and added back to the bath 142 of liquid dielectric fluid which is actively used to cool the computing components 170. The condensing step may be performed in any convenient manner, for example, by running process water through a thermally conductive tube. Condensing structures 130 may include radiator fins and/or similar equipment which increases the surface area of the condenser, thereby allowing greater and/or more rapid condensation of the gaseous dielectric fluid and returning it to a liquid form. In some embodiments the process water is at ambient temperature and is not actively cooled. In other embodiments, the process water may be chilled using evaporative cooling, dry cooling towers, and/or other method of chilling process water known in the art.

In some embodiments, the location of the condensing structures 130 within the pressure controlled vessel 110 may be configured in order to optimize the flow of vapor phase dielectric fluid and increase the rate and/or efficiency of condensation. In some embodiments, the geometry of the pressure controlled vessel 110 itself may be controlled in order to increase the rate and/or efficiency of condensation.

As shown in FIG. 1, in one exemplary embodiment, a pressure controlled vessel is about 10 feet long, about 4 feet wide, and about 4 feet tall. An immersion cooling bath 142 is created within the pressure controlled vessel 110 using about 130 gallons of Novec™ dielectric fluid 140. This leaves a layer of liquid dielectric fluid about 12 inches deep in an immersion cooling tank at the bottom of the pressure controlled vessel, while the majority of the pressure controlled vessel volume is gaseous. The ceiling of the pressure controlled vessel is lower in the middle of the structure running lengthwise. The ceiling and/or lid 120 angles upward and raises as it approaches the side walls of the pressure controlled vessel 110. Condensing structures 130 run length wise on two sides of the pressure controlled vessel 110. The condensing structures 130 in this exemplary embodiment are about 12 inches wide and about 24 inches tall and run the substantially of the entire length of the housing 110. The condensing structures 130 include radiator like material with high surface area fins which are cooled using flowing process water. Some embodiments may additionally or alternatively comprise a heat exchanger. As shown in FIG. 2, this structural arrangement within the pressure controlled vessel 110 directs a convective flow of dielectric fluid vapor as it rises from the liquid bath 142 after boiling, up towards the ceiling of the pressure controlled vessel where it is directed toward the high surface-area condensing structures 130 and condensed back into a liquid form. The dielectric fluid 140 then flows back into the liquid bath 142. In this manner, the total amount of dielectric fluid 140 may be conserved within this closed housing. The use of convective current to circulate dielectric fluid vapor allows disclosed embodiments to operate in the absence of a mechanical pump for circulating the dielectric liquid, thereby reducing the total energy usage of the disclosed system.

Certain embodiments also utilize additional tanks and/or storage containers of dielectric fluid which may be used during star-up and/or shut-down of the system, in the event the pressure controlled vessel must be opened, and/or to allow redundant and robust control of the level of liquid dielectric fluid cooling the computer components.

In some embodiments, during operation, the pressure controlled vessel is maintained at about 3 psi less than ambient atmospheric pressure which helps to reduce the boiling point of the dielectric fluid and thereby reduce the operating temperature of the computer chips and other components. In some embodiments, the pressure controlled vessel 110 is maintained at least at about 2 psi below ambient pressure or at least about 4 psi, or at least about 6 psi, or at least about 8 psi, or at least about 10 psi below ambient pressure.

In certain embodiments, the computer components 170 are operated at least at about 3% less than ambient pressure, or at least about 5%, or at least about 10%, or at least about 15%, or at least about 20%, or at least about 25%, or at least about 30% less than ambient pressure.

In some embodiments, the pressure controlled vessel is maintained, during operation at less than about 750 torr, or at less than about 710 torr, or less than about 650 torr, or less than about 600 ton, or less than about 550 ton, or less than about 500 ton, or less than about 450 ton, or less than about 400 ton, or lower. In some embodiments, the pressure controlled vessel is maintained, during operation at greater than about 650 ton, or greater than about 600 ton, or greater than about 550 ton, or greater than about 500 ton, or greater than about 450 torr, or greater than about 400 ton, or greater than about 300 ton.

Some embodiments utilize a vapor scrubbing process and/or initial purging process in order to control the gaseous atmosphere within a pressure controlled vessel. This process removes a portion of the gaseous atmosphere from the pressure controlled vessel and removes undesirable portions of the atmosphere such as air and water vapor. These, and other non-desirable portions of the atmosphere may be separated based on the temperature at which the vapor condenses into a liquid. Due to the specialized nature and boiling point of the dielectric fluid, many naturally occurring contaminants may be removed using this method. Removing the non-readily condensable fluids helps to maintain the purity of the dielectric fluid. A fluid will be considered to be not readily condensable if the condensation point of the fluid is greater than about 20° C. lower than the condensation point of the dielectric fluid at standard atmospheric pressure or if the condensation point of the fluid is less than 10° C. at standard atmospheric pressure.

During maintenance, startup and/or shut down operations, a blanket of inert gas, such as nitrogen, gas may be introduced into the pressure controlled vessel in order to reduce the amount of dielectric fluid lost when the pressure controlled vessel is opened and/or exposed to atmospheric conditions.

Some disclosed embodiments may include a substantially self-contained server and/or computing system. In some embodiments, specialized seals and/or connections are utilized to reduce the total number of penetrations into the pressure controlled vessel 110. Some embodiments combine power, water, vacuum, and networking connections into a bundle of lines in order to minimize the penetrations into the pressure controlled vessel in order to reduce the potential for leaks while the system is under vacuum.

Some embodiments are pre-plumbed, pre-wired and housed within a modular super structure 210. This allows for embodiments to be pre-fabricated and delivered as substantially complete, self-contained systems. The modular system may be configured to be connected to other modular embodiments of the disclosed computing system. In some embodiments, the modular super-structure 210 will require only a single power connection and will be pre-wired with the appropriate electronics to supply the required voltages to the computer components and/or other electronic components.

In certain embodiments an internal robotic arm 230 contained within the pressure controlled vessel 110 may be used to remove a component 170 and deliver the removed component to an airlock 220. Using the airlock 220, the component may be removed without substantially disturbing or disrupting the pressure, atmosphere, dielectric fluid, and/or the other conditions within the pressure controlled vessel and a replacement component may be introduced into the pressure controlled vessel using an airlock. The replacement component may then be installed by the internal robotic arm 230. The use of components which may be installed in a “slot-in” manner, such as a blade server and chassis, may facilitate this process significantly. A disruption to a condition within the pressure controlled vessel may be indicated by at least a 10% deviation in that condition outside of the standard range of operating conditions. A significant disruption to a condition within the pressure controlled vessel may be indicated by at least a 30% deviation in that condition outside of the standard range of operating conditions.

In certain embodiments, a self-contained diagnostic program may run which analyzes the performance of the components within the pressure controlled vessel 110. If a component 170 is not performing as desired, a robotic arm 230 may be used to remove and/or replace the component automatically. In this manner a self-healing, self-contained server and/or computing system may be created. In certain embodiments, such a self-healing system may be pre-fabricated and pre-wired to create a modular unit which may be shipped or delivered to remote locations using conventional methods to provide significant high-efficiency computing power which requires limited set-up and/or maintenance.

Ballast Blocks

In some embodiments of the disclosed system, such as that shown in FIG. 1, the pressure controlled vessel 110 includes a deeper bath portion for containing the majority of the dielectric fluid and a broader shelf area 112 adjacent to the bath. The boards, cards, chips, blades, and/or any other computer components 170 are substantially contained within the deeper bath section of the pressure controlled vessel. The broader shelf area 112 may also contain liquid dielectric fluid 170 and/or collect dielectric fluid that is re-condensed into the liquid phrase from the vapor phase. In certain embodiments, the depth of the dielectric liquid in the pressure controlled vessel 110 may be increased utilizing ballast blocks 160. Ballast blocks 160 may be used to occupy undesired volume on the shelf, thereby displacing any dielectric fluid that would be on the shelf 112 and raising the level of liquid without requiring the addition of additional dielectric liquid. In some embodiments, the ballast blocks 160 include riser feet which allow fluid to flow underneath the ballast blocks so that condensed liquid can continue to flow into the deeper bath portion of the pressure controlled vessel without the flow being hindered by the ballast blocks.

The ballast blocks 160 may be made of any material that does not interfere with the operation of the disclosed immersion cooling system. The ballast blocks may be made of materials including, but not limited to, metals, rubbers, silicone, and/or polymers. Preferred materials are not substantially soluble in the dielectric fluid. The blocks must be denser than the dielectric fluid but are not required to be solid. In preferred embodiments, the blocks will have a handle or cut out which allows the block to be more easily handled and manipulated. Some embodiments of the ballast blocks 160 utilize interlocking top and bottom sections so that the blocks may be stacked on top of each other in a secure manner. The interlocking top and bottom reduce the risk of a block damaging any near-by component if it slides or is otherwise displaced from its intended position. In some embodiments, the interlocking top includes recessed portions which align with feet and/or risers on the bottom portion such that the lowest block does not prevent fluid flow and blocks may be securely stacked on top of the lowest block in order to occupy a significant volume, thereby allowing the level of dielectric liquid to be raised without requiring a significant amount of additional dielectric liquid to be added.

In some embodiments, the ballast blocks 160 are configured to run the entire length of the pressure controlled vessel 110 and/or shelf 112. In other embodiments, the ballast blocks 160 may be substantially any size which allows for the block to be handled. In such embodiments, multiple modular ballast blocks may be configured to displace as large or as small of a volume as desired. In some embodiments, a single ballast block has an outer dimensions of about 2 feet long or about 3 feet long or about 4 feet long or longer and about 6 inches wide, or about 8 inches wide, or about 12 inches wide, or wider, and about 1 inch tall, or about 3 inches tall, or about 6 inches tall, or about 8 inches tall or taller.

The Super Structure

The disclosed computing system consists of various components, all of which may be attached, directly or indirectly to a physical super structure 220, as shown in FIG. 4. The super structure 220 allows for pre-wiring and pre-plumbing of any required electrical, sensor, control, power, fluid control, pressure control, and/or communication systems. This allows for faster and simplified deployment in the field and testing at the factory prior to delivery to the customer.

The super structure 220 is typically fabricated from metal components and may be skid mounted or configured to be handled with a forklift, hoist, or crane. In some embodiments, the super structure 220 is configured to fit within a standard container in order to facilitate shipping. The super structure 220 and associated components may be configured to weigh less than about 58,000 lbs total and may be divided into smaller subcomponents in order to facilitate shipping without requiring special equipment. In some embodiments, super structure 220 and the associated components will weigh less than about 50,000 lbs, or less than about 40,000 lbs, or less than about 30,000 lbs, or less than about 20,000 lbs. In some embodiments, super structure 220 and the associated components will weigh more than about 5,000 lbs, or more than about 10,000 lbs, or more than about 20,000 lbs, or more than about 30,000 lbs. Embodiments of the super structure 220 may be any size and or shape. Many embodiments are sufficiently large to contain multiple pressure controlled vessels 110, server racks 310, and the associated liquid immersion cooling equipment as well as, the necessary equipment for managing power delivery and distribution and network connectivity.

The overall design of the super structure 220 can be adjusted to accommodate the unique aspects of each deployment, including customizations to the types and quantities of power and cooling water interconnects to meet the needs of existing facilities.

The control and management systems for all of the components within the disclosed platform may be included as part of the disclosed computing system. A preferred embodiment of the disclosed system includes all of the required mechanical systems to maintain and operate a two phase liquid immersion cooling environment, including the required pumps, valves, regulators, vapor management systems, pressure management systems, and other associated components.

The super structure 220 may be an open frame design, or may include side panels and access doors. This allows for deployment within existing structures or outside in field locations. The super structure 220 may be modified to include weatherization features, allowing for deployment in harsh environments.

Various systems, features and/or capabilities may be incorporated into the super structure 220 to support, monitor, and manage the other components of the computing system and any environments contained within or associated with the computing system. In some embodiments, such systems may include fire detection and/or suppression capabilities, dedicated air condition and/or environmental management capabilities, security features such as access control, and/or surveillance features among many others.

The Power System

Some embodiments of the super structure 220 are designed to accept various means of electrical inputs and connect them to an existing power distribution system built within the super structure. One of many exemplary embodiments includes a 415V input to a main breaker, which is then distributed to a series of power shelves which converts the 415V AC input to 12V DC output. In preferred embodiments, this conversion occurs in substantially one conversion step, thereby reducing the lost efficiency typically associated with such conversions. Traditional computer server locations typically convert incoming industrial electricity from a high AC voltage, such as 415V to a reduced AC voltage such as 120V. This conversion results in a loss of energy to heat. Under common circumstances, this may result in about a 6% loss of energy. Then, the 120V electricity must be further converted to DC current for the use by various computer component. This second conversion results in a second, about 6% loss of energy to heat. By directly converting industrial electricity of about 415V to about 12V DC, the total loss of energy to heat can be reduced

Another exemplary implementation may include the connection of a 480V AC input to a power shelf 320 which converts the 480V AC input to 48V DC output, which is then distributed to a series of intermediary power supplies which converts the 48V DC input to various DC outputs, including for example, 12V, 5V, 3.3V and others.

On some implementations, there may be a single set of power supplies, or there may be multiple power supplies operating at different input and output voltages. The exact configuration will be adjusted to meet the needs of the particular equipment being installed and depending on the conditions of the application. The particular design of a power system may be adjusted to meet the needs of the particular environment in which the disclosed computing system is being deployed. Customizations may include the type, capacity, and interfaces for both input and output of power to the system.

The Pressure Controlled Vessel and Pressure Management Systems

Embodiments of the disclosed system include a pressure controlled vessel which is designed to house a two phase liquid immersion cooling system. The pressure controlled vessel 110 contains a pool of dielectric cooling fluid 140, condenser 130 with cooling coils 132 to condense gaseous phase dielectric fluid into a liquid, and the physical mechanisms and/or equipment necessary to hold computer components 170 and distribute power from the power system to the equipment and components located within the pressure controlled vessel 110.

During operation the pressure controlled vessel 110 may be kept at a slight vacuum. It will be appreciated that a variety of specialized connections and considerations must be made in order to operate a computing system within a pressure controlled vessel 110 which is maintained at a negative pressure.

Some embodiments of the disclosed system use a series of fiber optic Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) interfaces allowing connectivity of fiber into the pressure controlled vessel 110 in addition to break out panels and cable trays to distribute the fiber to the various server racks 310. This arrangement reduces the total number of penetrations into the pressure controlled vessel 110 reducing the likelihood of leaks in the vessel.

Some embodiments of the pressure controlled vessel 110 include sensors to ensure safe operation. These sensors may include, but are not limited to, temperature sensors 410, fluid level sensors 420, pressure sensors 430, gaseous partial pressure sensors 450, position sensors 460, electrical sensors 470, microphones 480, and/or cameras 490 to ensure and/or automate operations of the system.

Temperature sensor 410 includes but is not limited to sensors for measuring the temperature of the gaseous phase within the pressure controlled vessel 110, sensors for measuring the temperature of the liquid phase within the pressure controlled vessel, sensors for measuring the temperature water and/or other process fluids, and/or sensors for measuring the temperature of the other components including the computer components 170. In some embodiments, thermocouples, thermistors, and/or silicone sensors may be utilized to measure the temperature of computer components. In some embodiments, the system may rely on information provided by the components themselves and retrieved or monitored through the use of a generally accepted communications protocol, such as a device provided API or other programmatic interface, such JSON via HTTPT or SNMP, to determine the equipment temperature.

Some embodiments may include various life safety features to ensure the safety of users. These features may include, but are not limited to, automatic electromagnetic locking mechanisms, fail safe systems, fire and/or smoke detection and/or suppression systems, ventilation systems, and/or back up lighting. In certain embodiments, these features may be incorporated as part of a comprehensive platform.

Certain embodiments include an automatic vapor detection based leak detection systems to ensure that any loss of fluid containment is rapidly detected. These systems may include pressure sensors 430 within the pressure controlled vessel 110 which monitors the pressure in order to ensure there are no substantial leaks and/or gas sensors positioned on the exterior of the pressure controlled vessel which detect the presence of any dielectric vapor which may have leaked out of the pressure controlled vessel.

The particular design, arrangement, an/or layout of an embodiment of the disclosed system may be adjusted based on the conditions in which it is deployed. In some embodiments, the size, material, internal systems, component mounting and configuration options, interfaces between the pressure controlled vessel 110, the computer components 170, and power systems may all be adjusted based on the conditions in which the system is utilized.

The Rack System

Embodiments of the disclosed rack system 310 are designed to serve as an intermediary between the electrical and communication systems installed within a pressure controlled vessel 110 and the computing equipment 170 to be installed within the rack 310. Computer components 170 can be mounted on the rack 310 in order to control the spacing, orientation, position, and/or configuration of the computer components 170 in the pressure controlled vessel 110. The rack 310 may be any physical structure which may be used to mount computer components 170 including but not limited to any frame, bracket, support, or other structure. Computer components 170 will be considered mounted to the rack 310 when they are attached, directly or indirectly, to the rack 310 and held in a substantially stationary position. Some embodiments may include the use of dedicated mechanical guide plates as mounting mechanisms, wiring harnesses attached to bulkhead fittings, and/or through the use of intermediary power supplies and a backplane 330 system to distribute power and signal within the rack.

The particular design of the rack system 310 may be adjusted based upon conditions under which the system is deployed. Some embodiments of the rack may include a dedicated switch. In some embodiments, the uplink interfaces may be connected via fiber infrastructure and/or the downlink access interfaces may be connected to computing equipment 170 within the rack via the backplane 330 interface or any other suitable way of connecting computing equipment.

In certain embodiments, the rack system 310 may include housing for one or more intermediary power supplies which may distribute the appropriate voltages from a power interface to other equipment installed within the rack 310. The interfaces to interconnect the power from the distribution system to the intermediary power supplies may be incorporated into the design of the rack 310 to allow it to be removed and/or replaced with an alternative rack configuration by disconnecting the interfaces between the various rack, power, and communication systems.

The Chassis and Interface Systems

The purpose of the disclosed chassis system 340 is to serve as a standardized physical intermediary component between traditional and/or purpose built computing components 170 and the disclosed rack system 310. The purpose of the backplane system 330 is to provide a slot-in interface between the chassis 340 and the rack 310, allowing for the distribution of power and signals between the power supplies in the power system and the network switches in the communication system 360 with the various computing components 170 installed within the chassis 340.

In some embodiments, providing standardized interconnectivity through the backplane 330 and communication system 360 interfaces may minimize the possibility for misconnection of data interfaces and reduce the need for connectivity troubleshooting.

The specific arrangement of the chassis system 340 may depend on the equipment and/or components that will be attached to the board and/or rack. Some embodiments of the chassis 340 may feature an interchangeable mounting plate that can be used for equipment attachments. A set of standard attachment plates may be used for common or frequently used components.

In certain embodiments, the chassis 340 will include a set of standard power and network interfaces. The network interfaces may be in the form of Cat6A or Cat7 compatible RJ45 interfaces for connection to 1G or 10G Ethernet interfaces on equipment motherboards. In such embodiments, the power interface may include a set of standard Molex style connectors for the connection of standard motherboards and/or peripheral components.

Embodiments of the chassis 340 may include components designed to allow for the adaptation of existing commercial components, the use of custom designed components, and/or the use of specialized chassis for particular applications. Embodiments may include adaption kits for standard motherboards, and specialty components. In particular embodiments, such components include Gigabyte motherboards with NVidia GPUs and/or Supermicro motherboards with Intel CPUs.

The styles and form factors of power and network interfaces modules within the chassis system 340 may be adjusted based on the demands and requirements of certain components and/or user specified equipment.

In one exemplary embodiment a server motherboard 342 or other computer component 170 is mounted on a chassis 340. Storage devices and/or other peripheral components may also be mounted to the chassis 340 along with a backplane interface 330 and/or a power module and communication system 360 module.

FIG. 8 shows a potential arrangement of components associated with the disclosed chassis system 340.

The Communication System

Embodiments of the disclosed communication system 360 are designed to provide a standardized layer 1 through 3 connectivity and management interface for the equipment within or associated with the disclosed super structure 210, pressure controlled vessel 110, and/or computing system.

In some embodiments, a series of MTP interfaces provide the ability to bring multiple high density multimode fiber connections into the pressure controlled vessel 110. Once contained in the pressure controlled vessel 110, the fiber connections may be broken down to individual switch level connections using a set of dedicated break out cables, break out interfaces, patch panels and/or distribution patch panels to the racks 310.

Some embodiments of the disclosed system may include dedicated fiber patch panel interface ports at each rack 310 to allow for connection to the switches system installed therein via a short patch panel. In other embodiments, there may be a dedicated patch panel, or set of patch panels, running from each switch system to the MTP distribution interface.

In some embodiments, the interface between the switch system and the chassis 340 may be via the backplane interface 330 and/or via some other mechanism which may or may not include the use of a backplane connector. In some embodiments, there may be no intermediary rack level switch system. Such embodiments may use of a set of centralized switches within the pressure controlled vessel 110 to connect to various computing equipment located therein.

The typical interface between the switch system and the chassis 340 may be accomplished using a patch panel attached to the rack 310 and wired to the backplane system 330 with patch cables connecting the ports on the patch panel with an appropriate port on the switch system.

In some embodiments, there will be a small (6U) rack rail area containing a patch panel interconnecting the communication system 360 cabinet with the MTP interfaces on each pressure controlled vessel 110, and centralized communication system 360 distribution switches which serve to interconnect the switch system with each other and/or the outside world. In such embodiments, the end-user or customer may choose to either install their own routing gear within this space and provide external connectivity thereto to serve as the connection between the disclosed computing system and the outside world, or run fiber connectivity between the pressure controlled vessel 110 or super structure 210 and an existing network environment.

The access, communication, and/or networking components utilized within an embodiment of the communication system 360 environment may be standard equipment or may be user specified. The rack 310 and backplane 330 systems may include the ability to replace the switch system located within each rack 310 by removing the existing switch, replacing it with any standard switch (such as a 1 U switch), and re-wiring the desired interfaces to the backplane network interface panel.

In certain embodiments, products which are designed to interface directly with the backplane system 330 may be utilized. Such products may utilize a chassis 340 patch panel system and/or a direct electrical interface designed specifically to interconnect switch ports via a specialized purpose built internetworking interface, via a commercially used protocol or via specification for the design of a network level interconnectivity interface.

The Robotic Systems

In some embodiments of the disclosed system, a potential method of addressing the need for hot swapability of the components within the pressure controlled vessel 110, and the need for the ability to remotely remove and replace failed components 170 may be addressed through robotics.

A particular embodiment of the disclosed combination of systems may include an internal robotic arm 230 and/or external robotic arm 240. Some embodiments, such as those for cryptocurrency applications and/or certain high performance computing environments, may not require hot swapability of components. In other hyper scale GPU and CPU environments, this may be a fundamental requirement.

The internal robotic arm 230 mechanism is located within the pressure controlled vessel 110 environment. As shown in FIGS. 7A-D, in an exemplary embodiment, when a card or component is not operating properly, a removal sequence may be initiated. When a removal sequence is initiated, the internal arm 230 will remove the appropriate computer component 170 and/or associated chassis 340 from the rack 310, move it to an airlock 220 located within the pressure controlled vessel 110, and signal completion of the removal sequence. Once this sequence has been completed, the inner airlock door 222 will close, the airlock pressure will be equalized with that of the outside atmosphere, and an exterior airlock door 224 will open. Once the exterior door 224 has been opened, an embodiment of the external robotic arm 240 system will use a second robotic arm 240 to remove the chassis 340 from the airlock 220 and place it into an empty storage slot.

In some embodiments, the airlock 220 will be purged with nitrogen and/or another inert and/or non-condensable gas, before the airlock 220 is opened to the exterior environment. In such embodiments, this has the effect of reducing or eliminating the loss of dielectric vapor when the airlock is opened and closed. In certain embodiments, the airlock will be fit with one-way valves, on the interior portion, exterior portion, or both. In an embodiment with one-way valves on both the interior and exterior portion of the airlock, purging the airlock will prevent cross contamination of the exterior environment into the interior atmosphere of the pressure controlled vessel 110 and also prevent loss of dielectric vapor.

When a card replacement sequence is initiated, the external robot arm system 240 will use its robotic arm to remove a replacement card and/or chassis 340 from a storage slot and place the card into the airlock 220. Once completed, the outer airlock door 224 will close, the airlock pressure will be equalized with that of the inside of the pressure controlled vessel 110, and the inner door 222 will open. Once the inner door 222 has been opened, the internal robotic arm system 230 will use its robotic arm to remove the chassis 340 from the airlock 220 and insert it into the appropriate rack 310.

When coupled with the remotely accessible management system, the internal and external robotic arm systems allow for the remote operation and management of a datacenter environment. This may reduce the need for human operators to remain available and reduce costs and/or downtime. In some embodiment, the external robot arm 240 is mounted on a movable base, thereby allowing a single external robotic arm system to serve multiple embodiments of the disclosed computing system.

When integrated with custom developed workflow management systems and virtualization technologies, the disclosed robotic systems allows for the development of completely autonomous, self-healing datacenter solutions which can provide maximum levels of system reliability.

The Management System

The management system is a web based interface between the user of the disclosed computing system and the computing system itself. Embodiments of the management system provide an operational view of the computing system and allow for the monitoring and management of the various components, including monitoring and managing the pressure controlled vessels 110, the robotic systems, the communication system 360, the power system, and/or all other systems and components.

In certain embodiments, a set of simple network management protocol accessible data points may be made available to users of the management system to allow for monitoring of key operational parameters via third party monitoring systems. Full operational logs may be maintained and charts may be provided for user review of operational condition data.

Regular maintenance of system components may be scheduled and maintained via the management system. The user may be provided with regular reminders of routine maintenance and be able to acknowledge those as being performed within the interface. This data may all be maintained as part of the operational log information for historical operational review.

In some embodiments, operational functionality may also be exposed via an API interface to allow for the remote programmatic monitoring and management of the computing system and associated components. A full set of operational monitoring and alerting functionality may be included to allow for the notification of operators in the event of any issues.

A centralized server version or a hosted cloud based management version of the management system may be utilized by customers with multiple pressure controlled vessel computing systems. This provides the operator with a single programmatically and user accessible interface for the management of a fleet of pressure controlled vessel computing systems.

In some embodiments, software based interface modules allow for interoperation with the computing platform and third party management utilities, such as Microsoft System Center and VMWare VCenter. The user and API interfaces provided by the management system may allow complete interoperation with the disclosed robotic systems, allowing for complete remote and programmatic autonomous operation and administration of the disclosed computing platform.

Exemplary Combined System Embodiments

It will be understood that the disclosed systems may be utilized individually or in combination. There are multiple embodiments of the combined computing system which may be tailored to various use cases.

One exemplary embodiment is the Crypto Series. This is an ultra-high density implementation of the disclosed technology utilizing purpose built computing hardware, racks 310 with guide plates and wiring harnesses designed for that hardware, a modified implementation of the communication system 360 architecture, and a 1 MW pressure controlled vessel 110 and power distribution system. The typical user of this embodiment are those who wish to perform cryptocurrency mining or other ultra-high power density processes using customized computing components, or manufacturers of computing components who wish to develop a full scope two phase liquid immersion cooling system into which they will incorporate their own hardware.

Another exemplary embodiment is the GPU Series. This is a high density GPU supercomputing implementation of the disclosed technology. This implementation will make use of custom made chassis 340, rack 310 and backplane 330 technology designed to incorporate motherboards from Gigabyte and GPUs from NVidia using the NVidia NVLink technology to facilitate ultra-high speed GPU to GPU communications. The typical users of this technology include general purpose parallel processing applications which can make use of the GPU based computing and memory capabilities, including graphics rendering, particle simulation and general research activities.

Yet another exemplary embodiment is the CPU Series. This is a high density CPU computing implementation of the disclosed technology. This implementation will make use of high end Supermicro based motherboards, Intel Xeon CPUs, high speed network interfaces, high speed memory, and solid state storage devices for local storage. The typical user of this technology includes datacenter, enterprise, and cloud/VPS hosting providers and service providers who utilizing high performance computing for either their own internal applications or for those which they provide to third party customers and other organizations.

Still another exemplary embodiment includes the Edge Series. This is a scaled down implementation of the disclosed computing system which is designed specifically for remote/field deployments or within or alongside traditional business and data center environments. The embodiment is focused on a secure, weatherized environment with full remote monitoring and management capabilities. The target users of this technology would be operators of field deployed and distributed technologies, such as network operators and other organizations with distributed field infrastructure, and operators of existing facilities wishing to augment their computing capabilities with minimal modification to existing facilities or structures. This system may incorporate various enhancements to the external structure to simplify the connection of utility service, including electrical, water and network connectivity to the system.

Disclosed embodiments allow for increased density of computer components and/or computing power. In some embodiments comprising two-phase liquid immersion cooled computer components 170 within a pressure controlled vessel 110, components may be separated from each other by less than about 1″ or less than about 0.7 inches, or less than about 0.5 inches. In some embodiments, individual components may be separated by more than about 0.3 inches, or more than about 0.5 inches, or more than about 0.7 inches, or more than about 1 inch, or more than about 1.5 inches.

Some disclosed embodiments allow improved power utilization effectiveness (PUE) as compared to a traditional data center. Using disclosed embodiments allows for reduced energy usage for cooling computer components 170, thereby reducing the total energy usage of a data center and bringing the PUE closer to 1.0. Some embodiments relate to data centers comprising two-phase liquid immersion cooled computer components within a pressure controlled vessel 110 wherein the data center has an PUE of less than about 1.15, or less than about 1.10, or less than about 1.08, or less than about 1.05. Some embodiments relate to data centers comprising two-phase liquid immersion cooled computer components within a pressure controlled vessel 110 wherein the data center has an PUE of more than about 1.05, or more than about 1.06, or more than about 1.08, or more than about 1.10.

In some embodiments a thermally conductive condensable dielectric fluid is provided to be used in a two-phase liquid immersion cooling system. Computer components are operated under less than ambient atmospheric pressure which reduces the temperature at which the dielectric fluid vaporizes, thereby maintaining the liquid phase of the dielectric fluid at a lower temperature as compared to standard atmospheric pressure. The computer components generate heat as they operate. The generated heat is transferred to the dielectric liquid in contact with the computer components, causing the dielectric liquid to vaporize into a gas. The gaseous dielectric fluid may be condensed using a condenser. Ambient temperature, or chilled process water is passed through the condenser. When the gaseous dielectric fluid is cooled by the condenser, it condenses back to a liquid phase and falls back into a bath of liquid dielectric fluid.

Some disclosed embodiments relate to high density data centers. Traditional data centers include about 1 megawatt (MW) of computing power dispersed over about 10,000 square feet. High end data centers may include about 1 MW of computing power dispersed over about 6,000 square feet. Disclosed embodiments relate to data centers comprising two-phase liquid immersion cooled computer components 170 within a pressure controlled vessel 110 wherein the data center utilizes about 1 MW of computing power dispersed over about 3,000 square feet, or about 1,500 square feet, or about 1,000 square feet, or about 800 square feet, or about 600 square feet. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, multiple pressure controlled vessels containing the disclosed computing system may be arranged in rows and powered by a central power supply. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, multiple embodiments of the disclosed computing system may be connected to each other in series.

Disclosed embodiments comprise liquid immersion cooled computer components 170 within a pressure controlled vessel 110, accordingly, the components are insulated from atmospheric contamination by the pressure controlled vessel and by being submerged in dielectric liquid 140. Some disclosed embodiments relate to data centers which operate with minimal air filtration and/or cleaning requirements. In some embodiments, the data center operates in the absence of HEPA filters or the equivalent, or in the absence of MERV 11 filters or the equivalent, or in the absence of MERV 8 filters or the equivalent.

Disclosed embodiments comprise liquid immersion cooled computer components 170 within a pressure controlled vessel 110, accordingly, the components are not cooled by air of gases. Disclosed embodiments include a data center which operates in the absence of cooling fans and/or any other device substantially for circulating air.

Disclosed embodiments relate to environmentally friendly data centers. In some embodiments, a data center comprise liquid immersion cooled computer components 170 within a pressure controlled vessel 110 and consume little to no water for cooling processes. Some embodiments utilize a closed circuit dry cooling tower to reduce the temperature of water which is circulated through the disclosed condensing structures 130 in order to cool the condensing structures 130 and condense dielectric fluid vapor into dielectric fluid liquid. Such embodiments operate without significant input or output of water as the closed loop, dry cooling tower does not rely on evaporative cooling or a stream of water for cooling operations. Some data center embodiments utilize and/or discharge less than about 10,000 gallons of water per day, or less than about 1,000 gallons of water per day, or less than about 100 gallons of water per day, or less than about 10 gallons of water per day, or 0 gallons of water per day. Some data center embodiments utilize and/or discharge more than about 100 gallons of water per day, or more than about 1,000 gallons of water per day, or more than about 10,000 gallons of water per day.

Disclosed embodiments relate to a computing system comprising a pressure controlled vessel operably connected to a pressure controller and/or source of vacuum, wherein the pressure controlled vessel has an interior and an exterior and is configured to contain an atmosphere within the interior; a volume of thermally conductive, condensable dielectric fluid; a rack for mounting computer components, wherein the rack is arranged such that the computer components are at least partially submerged within the volume of thermally conductive dielectric fluid when mounted on the rack; and a condensing structure, wherein the volume of thermally conductive dielectric fluid, rack, computer components, and condensing structure are contained within the pressure controlled vessel. Some embodiments relate to a cooling system comprising a pressure controlled vessel comprising an interior wherein said vessel is configured to be operably connected to a pressure controller to reduce the interior pressure below atmospheric, wherein the pressure controlled vessel is configured to comprise a volume of thermally conductive, condensable dielectric fluid in liquid and gas phase; one or more computer components arranged such that the one or more computer components may be at least partially submerged within the liquid phase of a volume of thermally conductive, condensable dielectric fluid; and a condenser for condensing gas phase dielectric fluid to liquid phase dielectric fluid.

In some embodiments, the pressure controlled vessel is mounted within a super structure, the blade server is configured to be swappable without disruption of the computing system, the pressure controlled vessel is operably connected to a power supply, source of water, and networking connections, the pressure controlled vessel comprises an opening on the top and a lid configured to sealably close the opening, the lid is configured to direct rising vapors from the middle of the pressure controlled vessel to the sides of the pressure controlled vessel, the pressure controlled vessel has an interior volume of between about 100 cubic feet and about 300 cubic feet, and/or wherein the pressure controlled vessel contains a ratio of liquid dielectric fluid to gaseous dielectric fluid of between about 1:3 and about 1:8. Some embodiments further comprise a ballast block, a blade server and a blade server chassis, a robotic arm and an airlock, wherein the airlock is configured to allow access to the interior of the pressure controlled vessel without significantly disrupting the atmosphere within the pressure controlled vessel, and/or a purge system, wherein the purge system is configured to remove contaminants from the volume of thermally conductive dielectric fluid. In some embodiments, the purge system is configured to remove a portion of the atmosphere from the pressure controlled vessel, condense any dielectric fluid from the atmosphere, and discard any remaining vapors. In some embodiments, the purge system is configured to condense at least a portion of gaseous dielectric fluid, and discard gaseous contaminants.

Some embodiments relate to a method for cooling computer components, the method comprising: providing a housing, wherein the housing contains a thermally conductive, condensable dielectric fluid and heat-generating computer components, and wherein the housing is configured to withstand at least a slight vacuum; operating computer components, wherein operating the computer components generates heat and wherein the computer components are in contact with the dielectric fluid; and creating a vacuum within the housing, wherein the pressure within the housing is at least below about 1 atmosphere. Some embodiments further comprise maintaining the vacuum within the housing, wherein the pressure within the housing is below about 1 atmosphere while the computer components are operating, vaporizing the dielectric fluid from a liquid state to a gaseous state using the heat generated by the computer components and condensing the dielectric fluid from a gaseous state to a liquid state using a condenser, removing fluids which are not readily condensable from the dielectric fluid. In some embodiments, and/or replacing a portion of the computer components while the system is operating. In certain embodiments removing non-condensable fluids comprises isolating a portion of the gaseous atmosphere from within the housing, condensing any dielectric fluid from the gaseous atmosphere; returning the condensed dielectric fluid to the housing, and discarding any remaining portion of the gaseous atmosphere and/or the housing is configured to generate a convection current.

Some embodiments relate to a method of cooling computer components comprising operating computer components at less than ambient pressure, wherein the computer components are in contact with a thermally conductive, dielectric fluid. Some embodiments further comprise vaporizing the dielectric fluid and condensing the dielectric fluid at less than ambient pressure.

Some embodiments relate to a method for cooling computer components, the method comprising: providing a thermally conductive, condensable dielectric fluid in a liquid and gas phase; and operating computer components at a pressure below ambient atmospheric pressure in the presence of the thermally conductive, condensable dielectric fluid, wherein the computer components are at least partially in contact with the thermally conductive, condensable dielectric fluid in liquid phase. Some embodiments further comprise vaporizing the dielectric fluid from a liquid phase to a gas phase using at least a portion of any heat generated by the operating computer components; condensing at least a portion of the dielectric fluid from a gas phase to a liquid phase; removing at least a portion of non-readily condensable fluids from the dielectric fluid; and/or replacing at least one or more computer components while said computer components are operating.

Some embodiments relate to a method of cooling computer components, the method comprising: operating computer components at least at 1 psi less than ambient pressure, wherein the computer components at least partially in contact with a thermally conductive, dielectric fluid, and wherein the boiling point of the dielectric fluid is below about 80° C. Some embodiments further comprise condensing the dielectric fluid at conditions such that the computer components do not exceed about 80° C.

It will be understood that the various disclosed embodiments may incorporate some or all of the components otherwise described herein. The particular components and the properties thereof may be adjusted based on the properties of each particular embodiment. Modifications may include the use of higher or lower density power, cooling, and network connectivity systems, pressure management systems, vapor management systems and selection of particularized equipment and components.

From the foregoing description, one of ordinary skill in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this disclosure, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof: can make various changes and modifications to adapt the disclosure to various usages and conditions. The embodiments described hereinabove are meant to be illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting of the scope of the disclosure. 

1. A cooling system for computing components comprising: a pressure controlled vessel comprising an interior and an exterior wherein said vessel comprises a top, a bottom, a front, a back and opposing sides and is configured to be operated above 650 torr, wherein the pressure controlled vessel is configured to comprise a volume of thermally conductive, condensable dielectric fluid in liquid and gas phase wherein the dielectric fluid has a boiling point below about 80 C at atmospheric pressure and wherein the dielectric fluid is substantially free of water; one or more computer components arranged such that the one or more computer components may be at least partially submerged within the liquid phase of a volume of thermally conductive, condensable dielectric fluid; a condenser on at least one of the opposing sides for actively condensing gas phase dielectric fluid to liquid phase dielectric fluid wherein the pressure controlled vessel is configured to direct gas phase of the thermally conductive dielectric fluid toward the condenser on at least one of the opposing sides; and wherein the top of said vessel comprises a condenser-free removable lid.
 2. The cooling system of claim 1, wherein the pressure controlled vessel is mounted within a super structure.
 3. The cooling system of claim 1, further comprising a backplane system.
 4. The cooling system of claim 1, further comprising a computer component of the at least one or more computer components which is configured to be swappable without significant disruption of the interior pressure of the pressure controlled vessel.
 5. The cooling system of claim 1, further comprising a robotic arm and an airlock, wherein the airlock is configured to allow access to the interior of the pressure controlled vessel without significantly disrupting the pressure within the pressure controlled vessel.
 6. The cooling system of claim 1, further comprising a purge system, wherein the purge system is configured to remove contaminants from the volume of thermally conductive dielectric fluid.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the purge system is configured to condense at least a portion of gaseous dielectric fluid, and discard gaseous contaminants.
 8. (canceled)
 9. (canceled)
 10. (canceled)
 11. The cooling system of claim 1, wherein the pressure controlled vessel comprises an interior volume of between about 100 cubic feet and about 300 cubic feet.
 12. The cooling system of claim 1, wherein the pressure controlled vessel comprises a ratio of liquid dielectric fluid volume to gaseous dielectric fluid volume of between about 1:3 to about 1:8.
 13. The cooling system of claim 1, further comprising a ballast block.
 14. A method for cooling computer components, the method comprising: providing a thermally conductive, condensable dielectric fluid in a liquid and gas phase in a pressure controlled vessel comprising a top, a bottom, a front, a back and opposing sides and comprising an active condenser located on an opposing side of the pressure controlled vessel; and operating computer components at a pressure above 650 torr in the presence of the thermally conductive, condensable dielectric fluid_wherein the dielectric fluid is substantially free of water, wherein the computer components are at least partially in contact with the thermally conductive, condensable dielectric fluid in liquid phase and wherein the dielectric fluid condenses in the active condenser located on the opposing side of the pressure controlled vessel and wherein the top of said vessel comprises a condenser-free removable lid.
 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of vaporizing the dielectric fluid from a liquid phase to a gas phase using at least a portion of any heat generated by the operating computer components.
 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of condensing at least a portion of the dielectric fluid from a gas phase to a liquid phase.
 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising removing at least a portion of non-readily condensable fluids from the dielectric fluid.
 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising replacing at least one or more computer components while said computer components are operating.
 19. The method of cooling computer components, the method comprising: operating computer components at above 650 torr in a pressure controlled vessel comprising a top, a bottom, a front, a back and opposing sides and an active condenser located on an opposing side of the pressure controlled vessel, wherein the computer components are at least partially in contact with a thermally conductive, dielectric fluid, and wherein the boiling point of the dielectric fluid is below about 80° C. at atmospheric pressure and wherein the dielectric fluid is substantially free of water and wherein the top of said vessel comprises a condenser-free removable lid.
 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising condensing the dielectric fluid at conditions such that the computer components do not exceed about 80° C.
 21. The system of claim 1 wherein the system comprises a power utilization effectiveness of from about 1.05 to about 1.15. 